General Information

  • ID:  hor002212
  • Uniprot ID:  P12707
  • Protein name:  Insulin-2 A chain
  • Gene name:  ins-b
  • Organism:  Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
  • Family:  Insulin family
  • Source:  Animal
  • Expression:  NA
  • Disease:  NA
  • Comments:  NA
  • Taxonomy:  Xenopus (subgenus), Xenopus (genus), Xenopodinae (subfamily), Pipidae (family), Pipoidea (superfamily), Anura (order), Batrachia (superorder), Amphibia (class), Tetrapoda, Dipnotetrapodomorpha, Sarcopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi, Teleostomi, Gnathostomata, Vertebrata, Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia, Bilateria, Eumetazoa, Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta, Eukaryota (superkingdom), cellular organisms
  • GO MF:  GO:0005179 hormone activity
  • GO BP:  GO:0005975 carbohydrate metabolic process; GO:0006006 glucose metabolic process; GO:0007165 signal transduction
  • GO CC:  GO:0005576 extracellular region

Sequence Information

  • Sequence:  GIVEQCCHSTCSLFQLENYCN
  • Length:  21(86-106)
  • Propeptide:  MALWMQCLPLVLVLLFSTPNTEALANQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGDRGFFYYPKIKRDIEQAQVNGPQDNELDGMQFQPQEYQKMKRGIVEQCCHSTCSLFQLENYCN
  • Signal peptide:  MALWMQCLPLVLVLLFSTPNTEA
  • Modification:  NA
  • Glycosylation:  NA
  • Mutagenesis:  NA

Activity

  • Function:  Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.
  • Mechanism:  NA
  • Cross BBB:  NA
  • Target:  NA
  • Target Unid:  NA
  • IC50: NA
  • EC50: NA
  • ED50: NA
  • kd: NA
  • Half life: NA

Structure

  • Disulfide bond:  45819
  • Structure ID:  AF-P12707-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

  • Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)
    •    hor002212_AF2.pdbhor002212_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass: 274862 Formula: C99H151N27O34S4
Absent amino acids: ADKMPRW Common amino acids: C
pI: 4.25 Basic residues: 1
Polar residues: 11 Hydrophobic residues: 5
Hydrophobicity: 4.29 Boman Index: -2431
Half-Life: 30 hour Half-Life Yeast: >20 hour
Half-Life E.Coli: >10 hour Aliphatic Index 69.52
Instability Index: 2254.29 Extinction Coefficient cystines: 1740
Absorbance 280nm: 87

Literature

  • PubMed ID:  2722842
  • Title:  Xenopus laevis contains two nonallelic preproinsulin genes. cDNA cloning and evolutionary perspective.
  • PubMed ID:  2661211
  • Title:  Isolation and Characterization of Two Different Insulins From an Amphibian, Xenopus Laevis